HIV Self-Testing to Take Off in India: Findings from the STAR Initiative

Posted mars 20, 2023
Impact Area HIV & TB

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This piece originally ran on the World Health Organization (WHO) website.

WHO recommends HIV self-testing (HIVST) as an important approach to address gaps in HIV diagnoses including among key populations (sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, people who inject drugs, and people in prisons other closed settings). Globally, 98 countries now have policies supportive of HIVST and 52 are routinely implementing, yet many countries have not yet introduced HIVST as a routine approach.

A report launched at a national event held in New Delhi last year showed HIVST is acceptable to key populations and their partners in India. As part of Unitaid-funded STAR Initiative, PATH led the implementation of HIVST project in India. Between September 2021 and June 2022, 93 380 HIVST kits were distributed in 50 districts across 14 States. These kits were distributed using 5 different service delivery models including community-based, private practitioner, community pharmacy, workplace and virtual models using both oral-fluid and blood-based kits. Communities found HIVST convenient and easy to use, the intervention was feasible to implement and led to identification of previously undiagnosed HIV infections.

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Supervisors directly observed how CHWs performed malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and administered artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). They recorded CHW performance using the digitized checklist, interviewed community members, reviewed records, and provided on-the-spot coaching. They also interviewed the CHWs and tried to resolve challenges they expressed, including with resupply of commodities or equipment immediately or soon afterwards.

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In IM-supported areas of Mali, 36% of CHWs in the first round were competent in performing the RDT, which rose to 53% in the second. 24% of CHWs in the first round compared to 38% in the second were competent in the treatment of fever cases and pre-referral counseling. Between both rounds, availability of ACT increased from 80 percent to 90 percent.

Supportive supervision with interviews and observations at sites improved the basic competencies of CHWs between the first and second rounds, and additional rounds will help to understand the longer-term programmatic benefits.

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PSI’s first consumer-facing implementation of FHIR was launched in September 2022 as part of the Babylon Symptom Checker project in Vietnam, enabling rapid alignment between PSI and Babylon’s FHIR-enabled client records systems. PSI already has several other consumer health FHIR implementations under active development in 2023, including PSI’s collaboration with the Kenya MOH to launch a FHIR-enabled WhatsApp national health line for COVID-19 health information. PSI will also look to adopt and scale health workforce-facing FHIR-enabled tools, such as OpenSRP2, which will be piloted in an SRH-HIV prevention project in eSwatini in partnership with Ona by the end of 2023.

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Here’s what it looks like in practice.

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By the end of 2022, there were 6,600 unique users on the Kassai platform and 31,000 course enrollments. PSI Angola’s partnership with UNITEL, the largest telecommunication provider in Angola, allows for free internet access to learn on the Kassai for all public health providers in Angola. Building on its success for malaria training, Kassai now also provides courses in family planning, COVID-19, and maternal and child health. This reduces training silos and provides cross-cutting benefits beyond a single disease.

Implementing the SLPM digital ecosystem brings numerous benefits to health systems. It allows for more strategic and efficient workforce training and performance management, enabling ministries of health to track changes in health workers’ knowledge, quality of care, service utilization, and health outcomes in real time. The ecosystem also supports better stewardship of mixed health systems by facilitating engagement with the private sector, aligning training programs and standards of care, and integrating private sector data into national HMIS. Furthermore, it enables the integration of community health workers into the broader health system, maximizing their impact and contribution to improving health outcomes and strengthening primary healthcare.

HIV Self-Testing to Take Off in India: Findings from the STAR Initiative

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Scaling Digital Solutions for Disease Surveillance

Misinformation and Vaccine Hesitancy

The Frontline of Epidemic Preparedness and Response

HOW COULD PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACIES AND DRUG SHOPS ADVANCE PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE?

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The Consumer as CEO

Digitalizing contraceptive counseling to reach rural women and girls in Ethiopia

Building community health worker capacity to deliver malaria care

Taking a market-based approach to scale sanitation in Ethiopia

Promoting self-managed care like Self-testing and Self-Sampling

Using peer coaches to counter HIV stigma in South Africa

simplifying consumers’ journey to care in Vietnam

Engaging the private sector for disease surveillance in Myanmar

Training health workers in Angola

WHISTLEBLOWER AND ANTI-RETALIATION

Global Code of Business Conduct And Ethics

The Future of Work

Meaningful Youth Engagement

Zero Tolerance for Modern-Day Slavery and Human Trafficking

UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL COMPACT

Environmental Sustainability

Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity

Zero Tolerance for Discrimination and Harassment

Diversity and Inclusion

Gender Equality

People & Communities

Scaling Digital Health Innovations

Supporting People to be Active Agents in their Healthcare

Cover

01 #PeoplePowered

02 Breaking Taboos

03 Moving Care Closer to Consumers

04 Innovating on Investments

ICFP Q&A: Let's Talk About Sex

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